We will now present the seven steps in carrying out Barrier Analysis. Keep in mind as we discuss these that we will be trying out two different ways to do Barrier Analysis in this workshop: (1) through focus groups, and (2) through individual interviews. These two approaches, with their advantages and disadvantages, will be described in Session 11 in Part Two of this facilitator’s guide.

1. Define the Goal, Behavior, and Target Group: During this step, you will decide what you want to happen as a result of your behavior change communication. For example, your goal may be to have more children who are well nourished or fewer married couples who become HIV positive. You will need to decide what specific behavior will be the focus of your analysis and who your target group should be when you are trying to change the behavior. For example, you may choose to focus on exclusive breastfeeding of children under six months of age or marital faithfulness. Your target group in the first instance may be mothers of infants, and in the second instance couples in long-term relationships.

2. Develop the Behavior Question: Since we will be comparing those who do the behavior and those who do not, you will first need to develop a question to determine if the person responding to your questions does or does not do the behavior.

3. Develop Questions about Determinants: This is one of the hardest parts of carrying out Barrier Analysis. Later we will discuss guidelines for how to write questions for each barrier or determinant and give you a chance to practice.

4. Organize the Analysis Sessions: This is where you will choose communities for collecting Barrier Analysis field data.

5. Collect Field Data for Barrier Analysis
   Option #1 – Collecting Field Data for Barrier Analysis through Focus Groups: In this workshop, we will not be providing a full training in how to organize and facilitate focus groups; there is written guidance on that from many sources if you need it. But we will discuss how to prepare a question guide for use in these focus groups.
   Option #2 – Collecting Field Data for Barrier Analysis through Individual Interviews: Another way to collect field data for Barrier Analysis is to interview individually people who regularly do the behavior that you wish to promote (the “Doers”) and compare their answers to the responses of those you have interviewed who do not do the behavior (the “Non-Doers”). We will discuss how to set up this quantitative survey if you choose that option.

6. Organizing and Analyzing the Results: Once you have conducted the Barrier Analysis sessions you will organize and analyze your results from focus groups and individual interviews.

7. Use the Results of Barrier Analysis: This is the most important part. After tabulating or organizing the data from your analysis, you need to decide what changes you need to make in your program design, in the behavior change messages you will use, and in the groups that you will target. You will also need to decide how to monitor changes in the determinants during the life of your project.

Quick Quiz

• The “behavior question” is a question to determine what behaviors the person likes to do.
  
  True False

• The two options for collecting Barrier Analysis data are through focus groups or through individual interviews.
  
  True False

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